Polkadot

Holding DOT pays nothing; staking rewards are paid for securing the network, though since July 2026 nominators no longer bear slashing risk.

Riba means interest or any guaranteed increase on a loan. Simply holding DOT earns nothing. The native return is staking under nominated proof-of-stake (NPoS): nominators bond DOT and back validators, and rewards are worked out each era (about a day) from the validators' work (era points), so they vary and are not promised. The DOT stays in the holder's own account; it is bonded, not lent to a borrower. Since June 2026 staking rewards come from a fixed budget of new issuance (pallet-dap), with 45.2% for stakers and 22.6% for validators' own stake, and validator commission set to 0%.

Supply cap, code and governance are public and on-chain, though token holders can and do change the monetary rules by vote.

Gharar is excessive uncertainty or hidden information in a deal. DOT's supply rules are public and enforced by the network: total supply is capped at 2.1 billion DOT, and issuance steps down every two years by 13.14% of the remaining gap, starting on 14 March 2026. Total supply was about 1.70 billion DOT on 27 September 2026. The node software and runtimes are open source (Parity's polkadot-sdk and the Polkadot Fellowship's runtimes), and every change passes a public on-chain referendum.

DOT is used for network security, governance and buying compute time; lending on connected chains is small.

This criterion looks at what the asset is actually used for. DOT's main uses are infrastructure uses: about half of all DOT (about 864 million) was bonded for staking on 27 September 2026, holders vote on upgrades and spending in OpenGov, and parachains pay DOT for coretime. There is no large gambling or memecoin sector on Polkadot. Some DeFi on connected chains, such as Hydration's lending market, is interest-based, but the whole ecosystem's DeFi value is small (about $60 million on Hydration and $16 million on Bifrost), so disputed use is not a notable share of DOT's use.

Fully paid spot DOT is widely available and can be held in one's own wallet.

This criterion asks whether the asset can be owned in a permissible way. DOT trades spot, with full payment and delivery, on major exchanges such as Binance and Bybit, and it can be withdrawn to a self-custody wallet on Polkadot Asset Hub. It is also held by a regulated fund: the 21shares Polkadot ETF (TDOT) began trading on Nasdaq on 6 March 2026 and holds DOT itself. Ownership therefore does not depend on derivatives or leveraged wrappers. How specific funds are structured is assessed separately under trading mechanisms.

Polkadot provides shared security and interoperability for other chains; no major abuse or harm was found, though its paid use is modest.

Maslahah weighs public benefit against harm. Polkadot's benefit is shared security and messaging between connected blockchains, open-source software and open, on-chain governance of its treasury. Its proof-of-stake design avoids the energy use of mining. No large-scale fraud, sanctions-evasion or pump-and-dump problem tied to Polkadot was found in the sources reviewed.