Aptos

Holding APT pays nothing; staking rewards are newly issued APT paid for validating blocks, and transaction fees are burned.

Riba means interest or any guaranteed increase on a loan. Simply holding APT earns nothing. The only native return is staking: APT staked in a validator's stake pool earns newly issued APT each epoch, and rewards go only to validators that successfully propose blocks, in proportion to their success rate, so the return depends on real validation work. In March 2026 governance cut the reward rate from 5.19% to 2.6% a year, and on 27 September 2026 the on-chain rewards rate equalled its floor.

No issuer earns for holders: all gas fees are burned, and the foundation's income comes from its own token allocation rather than from fees.

This criterion asks how the issuer or protocol earns, and whether any of that income is impermissible. Aptos has no company that collects revenue on behalf of APT holders. Aptos docs state that the execution and IO part of gas is burned permanently and storage fees are burned and refunded when storage is freed; in March 2026 governance raised gas fees tenfold, and the docs describe no share of fees paid to validators or holders. These are service fees for processing transactions, destroyed rather than distributed.

Fully paid spot APT is widely available, and it can be held in one's own wallet.

This criterion asks whether the asset can be owned in a permissible way. APT trades spot, with full payment and delivery, on major exchanges such as Binance, and it can be withdrawn to a self-custody wallet where the owner controls it directly. It is also held by a regulated product in Europe: the Bitwise Aptos Staking ETP (APTB) holds and stakes APT and states that it does not lend. Ownership therefore does not depend on derivatives or leveraged wrappers. How specific funds are structured is assessed separately under trading mechanisms.

Aptos is a cheap settlement rail for stablecoins; no large-scale abuse specific to it was found, though heavy futures trading and insider unlocks have cost retail buyers.

Maslahah weighs public benefit against harm. The benefit is real: Aptos settles about $965 million of stablecoins at very low cost and supports ordinary applications. No study of large-scale fraud or pump-and-dump abuse specific to Aptos was found, unlike some other networks. The harms are moderate: APT has fallen more than 95% from its January 2023 high while early-investor and core-contributor tokens unlocked, which weighed on retail holders, and much trading happens in leveraged futures. Speculative trading losses are counted under maysir, and concentration under gharar, not again here.